On August 27 we participated in a talk conference in the town of Villanueva de Leon Apples, within the activities in the Third Culture Week organized by the Cultural Association and the Board sees CINAL of the town.
While acknowledging the call for such acts and the interest shown towards the historic mills and channels exist in the environment as well as the assistance of a number of friends and locals, some millers and owners of mills on the banks of Esla, we turn to briefly recount the history of old dam called Rodrigo April and San Marcos, historical channel that disappeared with land consolidation in the 1980s.
We are located on the banks of the River Esla, particularly in its middle and the left bank, between the municipalities of Villanueva of Apples and Valencia de Don Juan, through the Villavidel Country, River Cabreros and Fresno de la Vega.
Almost certainly, the dam was already in the tenth century, since the sale of two deacons Villanueva made the bishop in the year Velasco 967, and 300 salaries in cloths and silver, it is mentioned that property literally had cum suis aquaductis Molinas. Towards
the thirteenth century, the dam begins to be called Rodrigo April, an important personage whose vine to be developed in the second half of the twelfth century and the beginning of XIII, which gave name to the very Rodrigo Villanueva from April 1275 until the seventeenth century in fixing and determining the current "of Apples."
Until the fourteenth century was born in Villacelama Dam (port or near the mill dam today) and ran for Villanueva and Palanquinos, Don returned of Esla river waters. Villanueva and Mills belonged to the Ca Palanquinos Tedral de Leon, whose benefits specifically allocated to the Hospital of San Antonio, located in the capital, near the parish of San Marco.
Subsequently, the canons of San Marcos de León, Villavidel lords, noted the utility could take to the waters, having moved the mill Rodezno Palanquinos were returned to river. So s o request an extension of the dam to their domains, establishing a mill in Villavidel from which would drain the water in the Esla. Therefore This extension was called San Marcos Dam , unlike the first installment remaining as April Presa Rodrigo .
The Count of Valencia, owner of Country Villas, Cabrero and Fresno, makes efforts to extend the barrier of San Marcos to their domains and enable the establishment of mills. In 1515 agreement is taken to bring the dam to Fresno, which will not materialize until 1542 and then takes a further extension to Valencia de Don Juan, to cabins.
Throughout the history of the Presa Rodrigo San Marcos in April and highlighted its use to irrigate the fertile plain of Esla, and to give movement to various industrial devices, namely mills (Villanueva, Palanquinos, Villavidel, Countryside, Cabreros (2), Fresno (2), Valencia), fulling (Villanueva, Palanquinos) light plants (Villanueva, Valencia), flax mills (Fresno), chainsaws (Villanueva), flour mills (Palanquinos).
mill Villanueva of Apples
Being in Villanueva spoke of Apples more extensively in his mill. Your document references back to the tenth century (year 967), acquired by the Bishop of Leon. Before the fourteenth century and had six pairs of wheels and belonged specifically to the Hospital of San Antonio de León, under the Cathedral Chapter. Its location is still known today as "The Palace" in reference to the possessions that there was the Cathedral of León.
In the year 1462 we know of the fact m ore interesting on the dam and mills. They say the lawsuits Palanquinos then stole several neighbors of the mill wheel and several decks of the ram that had León Cathedral in Villanueva, with we can then go back to the rivalry between these peoples, originating in their own mills for the enjoyment of water from dams always led to fighting in all channels. Summarizing
much, we say that it was leasing the Cathedral in 1806, when he did in favor of a milling Villanueva of Apples named Ana González. At the end of this century or early twentieth century had built the huge mill whose remains now, where in addition to grind the grain, there was a sawmill and a factory supplying light in 1935 to 8 locations: Palanquinos, Villarroañe , Vega de Infanzones, Grulleros, Valdesoto, Turners, Sothic and Villanueva's own Apples. 
In the nineties, and without use, the m oline suffered a fire that destroyed almost completely, leaving the impressive ruins can be seen today.
The subsequent conversation was lively, with many contributions from the audience about their memories, experiences and experiences related to the mills and the old dam, the origin of hard work (clean and composition of the port, the main channel and of Madric) but also of great amusement (baths in summer, fishing ....)
More Information: MARRIED REVILLA , Javier (2010): "The mills of the Left Bank Esla on April Rodrigo Dam and San Marcos" in the minutes of l Molinología 7 International Congress: "The defense of our heritage " organized by ACEM and the University of Salamanca, Zamora held from 18 to 20 March 2010.
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